![]() Despite the importance of Goethe’s essay to the history of pentateuchal criticism, it is not clear that its arguments have previously been investigated. The distinction helped Wellhausen consolidate the classical model of the documentary hypothesis: he attributed the cultic Decalogue to the Yahwist and the ethical to the Elohist. Like Goethe, Wellhausen regarded the unit as a “ritual Decalogue,” in contrast to the “ethical Decalogue” of Exodus 20. Wellhausen credited the idea to Johann Wolfgang von Goethe’s “Zwo bisher unerörterte biblische Fragen. In the contemporary debate about pentateuchal theory, a question that remains insufficiently addressed is how and why the idea originally developed that the unit represents an ancient, independent, pre-Deuteronomic legal source. ![]() This article investigates the intellectual history of the argument for the antiquity of Exodus 34,11–26. ![]()
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